Of Deep Waters and Thin Air
نویسنده
چکیده
951 With reported incidences typically ≈1%, swimminginduced pulmonary edema (SIPE) is increasingly recognized as a not uncommon syndrome that is triggered by strenuous swimming and characterized by dyspnea, cough, and hemoptysis. Interestingly, SIPE shares common features with another form of pulmonary edema that is caused by strenuous exercise in an evolutionary nonphysiological habitat, namely high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE): Both SIPE and HAPE typically affect young healthy individuals, are triggered by strenuous exercise in a cold environment, resolve spontaneously after return to physiological conditions, yet will recur on reexposure in prone individuals. At the pathological level, edema fluid in both SIPE and HAPE patients contains considerable amounts of red blood cells and high-molecular-weight proteins in the absence of markedly elevated inflammatory markers. The pathophysiology of both diseases has long puzzled the field and hampered the development of effective counterstrategies, because their features tend to evade the traditional classification of pulmonary edema.
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تاریخ انتشار 2016